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The history of Western painting represents a continuous, though disrupted, tradition from antiquity until the present time.〔Cole, Bruce ''Art of the Western World: From Ancient Greece to Post Modernism''. Simon and Schuster, 1981, (Simonsays.com ) accessed 27 October 2007〕 Until the mid-19th century it was primarily concerned with representational and Classical modes of production, after which time more modern, abstract and conceptual forms gained favor. Developments in Western painting historically parallel those in Eastern painting, in general a few centuries later.〔''The Meeting of Eastern and Western Art'', Revised and Expanded edition (Hardcover)by Michael Sullivan,〕 African art, Islamic art, Indian art,〔(NYtimes.com ) NY Times, Holland Cotter, accessed online 27 October 2007]〕 Chinese art, and Japanese art〔Wichmann, Siegfried ''Japonisme: The Japanese Influence on Western Art Since 1858''. Thames & Hudson; New edition (19 November 1999), ISBN 0-500-28163-7, ISBN 978-0-500-28163-5〕 each had a significant influence on Western art, and, eventually, vice versa.〔Michael Sullivan ''The Meeting of Eastern and Western Art'', Revised and expanded edition. University of California Press; Rev Exp Su edition (1 June 1989), ISBN 0-520-05902-6, ISBN 978-0-520-05902-3〕 Initially serving imperial, private, civic, and religious patronage, Western painting later found audiences in the aristocracy and the middle class. From the Middle Ages through the Renaissance painters worked for the church and a wealthy aristocracy.〔(Discussion of the role of patrons in the Renaissance ), retrieved 11 November 2008〕 Beginning with the Baroque era artists received private commissions from a more educated and prosperous middle class.〔(History 1450–1789: Artistic Patronage ), retrieved 11 November 2008〕 The idea of "art for art's sake"〔(Britannica.com ), retrieved 11 November 2008〕 began to find expression in the work of the Romantic painters like Francisco de Goya, John Constable, and J. M. W. Turner.〔(Victorianweb.org ), ''Aesthetes, Decadents, and the Idea of Art for Art's Sake''; George P. Landow, Professor of English and the History of Art, Brown University, retrieved 11 November 2008〕 During the 19th century commercial galleries became established and continued to provide patronage in the 20th century.〔(National Gallery of Art, retrieved 11 November 2008 )〕〔(National Gallery of Art, retrieved 11 November 2008 )〕 Western painting reached its zenith in Europe during the Renaissance, in conjunction with the refinement of drawing, use of perspective, ambitious architecture, tapestry, stained glass, sculpture, and the period before and after the advent of the printing press.〔Meggs, Philip B. ''A History of Graphic Design''. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1998; (pp. 58–69) ISBN 0-471-29198-6〕 Following the depth of discovery and the complexity of innovations of the Renaissance, the rich heritage of Western painting (from the Baroque to Contemporary art). The history of painting continues into the 21st century.〔Cole, Bruce & Gealt, Adelheid M. (''Art of the Western World: from Ancient Greece to Post-Modernism'' ), retrieved 11 November 2008〕 ==Pre-history== Image:Bhimbetka.JPG|Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka, rock painting, Stone Age, India File:Lascaux 04.jpg|''Aurochs'' Cave painting, Lascaux, France Image:lascaux2.jpg|Lascaux, ''horse'' Cave Painting Image:Lascaux painting.jpg|Lascaux, ''Bulls and Horses'' File:AltamiraBison.jpg|''Bison'', in the great hall of policromes, Cave of Altamira, Spain Image:Haljesta.jpg|Petroglyphs, from Sweden, Nordic Bronze Age (painted) Image:GreatGalleryedit.jpg|Pictographs from the Great Gallery, Canyonlands National Park, Horseshoe Canyon, Utah, c. 1500 BCE File:SantaCruz-CuevaManos-P2210651b.jpg|Cueva de las Manos (Spanish for Cave of the Hands) in the Santa Cruz province in Argentina, c. 550 BC The history of painting reaches back in time to artifacts from pre-historic humans, and spans all cultures. The oldest known paintings are at the Grotte Chauvet in France, claimed by some historians to be about 32,000 years old. They are engraved and painted using red ochre and black pigment and show horses, rhinoceros, lions, buffalo, mammoth, or humans often hunting. There are examples of cave paintings all over the world—in France, India, Spain, Portugal, China, Australia etc. There are many common themes throughout the many different places that the paintings have been found; implying the universality of purpose and similarity of the impulses that might have created the imagery. Various conjectures have been made as to the meaning these paintings had to the people who made them. Prehistoric men may have painted animals to "catch" their soul or spirit in order to hunt them more easily, or the paintings may represent an animistic vision and homage to surrounding nature, or they may be the result of a basic need of expression that is innate to human beings, or they may be recordings of the life experiences of the artists and related stories from the members of their circle. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Western painting」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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